The Treaty of Nissa was Signed between Ottoman Empire and Russian Empire in 1739

 

Ottoman Army forced Russia to Left Crimea and Moldavia

The Russian attempt to take Azov and Crimea as a first step of controlling the Black Sea resulted in the Russian-Turkish conflict of 1735–1739. Marshal Munich's successful attacks allowed the Russians to overcome Tatar resistance, cross the Dniester into Moldavia, and march all the way to Jassy, the capital of Moldavia, which they eventually seized in 1739.

During the years leading up to the outbreak of the Russo-Turkish war, Russia signed treaties with the Persian Empire (which was at war with the Ottoman Empire during those years) and backed the accession of Augustus III to the Polish throne in 1735, rather than the French protégé Stanislaw Leszczynski, appointed by pro-Turkish France. Since 1726, Austria had assisted Russia.

Photo: alamy, a military map depicting

The Holy Roman Empire began fighting against the Ottoman Empire in July 1737, but was consistently crushed, including in the battles of Banja Luka on 4 August 1737, Grocka on 18, 21–22 July 1739, and Belgrade, which was lost following an Ottoman besieged from 18 July to September 1739. Russia, Austria, and the Ottoman Empire began unsuccessful negotiations at Nemirov in August. In 1738, there were no prominent military operations. Due to the epidemic outbreak, the Russian Army was forced to depart Ochakov and Kinburn.

Finally, Austria joined the conflict in 1737 on the side of Russia in an effort to gain its good proportion, but was ultimately forced to sign the separate Treaty of Belgrade, which resulted in the Ottomans receiving Northern Serbia and Lesser Wallachia in exchange for peace, allowing the Turks to fight back off Russian advances on Istanbul. In addition, the Sultan recognized the Austrian Emperor as the legitimate head for all Christian Ottoman subjects—a position also advocated by Russia. The withdrawal of Austrian forces compelled Russia to accept peace terms at Nissa, which included the ceding of Crimea and Moldavia, the acquisition of permission to construct a port at Azov without the right to construct defences there, and the absence of any naval in the Black Sea.

Pic: Wikimedia Commons

According to Davies and Amin:

The Ottoman Empire had forts along the Black Sea and in the Balkans. The Azov Sea kept the Don Cossacks out. Kaffa ruled Crimea. Or Kapi defended Crimea's entrance behind Perekop trenches. Ochakov blocked Dnieper Cossacks from entering the Black Sea. Upper Dniester Khotyn watched Poland. The Turkish border was near the Dniester. Except for Kiev, Poland claimed the Dnieper. 100 miles south of the existing border, Russia had an ambiguous boundary. Along the Dnieper bend were semi-independent Zaporozhian Cossacks. Crimean Khanate and its Nogai allies plundered Poland and Russia and sold captives at Kaffa.

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