The ruler of the Ghaznavi Empire, Mahmud Ghaznavi (November 2, 971–April 30, 1030) was the first ruler in the world to attain the title of "Sultan". Despite the Muslim caliph being the political leader of what is now Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and northern India, he remained the religious leader of the emp…
Read moreAbu al-Rayhan Muhammad Ibn al-Biruni was an Iranian Islamic scholar also known as the “Father of modern Geodesy”, generally he is called as the “Founder of Indology,” was born on September 5, 973 AD in Khwarezm, Khorasan (modern-day in Uzbekistan), in the region beyond the ancient Oxus River, and died around 1048 at Ghazna, Afghanistan. He is educated by …
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