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inTurkish War of Independence
The Abolition of the Ottoman Sultanate
The Ottoman Empire, which had existed since 1299, was abolished by the Turkish Grand National Assembly (TGNA) on 1 November 1922. The Grand National Assembly's sovereignty over Turkey as administered by the parliament in Angora (Ankara) was acknowledged on November 11 at the Treaty of Lausanne. On November 17, 1922, Mehmed VI, the last Ottoman sultan, l…
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inTaurus Mountains
Muslim Forces defeated Byzantine Army in the Battle of Iron Bridge
One of the final conflicts between the Rashidun Caliphate and the Byzantines, Jisr al-Hadid was named after a local nine-arched stone bridge that crossed the Orontes River and had gates trimmed with iron blades. Previously, Muslim armies advanced northward, conquering a significant portion of Levant after seizing Damascus (635), then Jerusalem (637). Inva…
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