The ruler of the Ghaznavi Empire, Mahmud Ghaznavi (November 2, 971–April 30, 1030) was the first ruler in the world to attain the title of "Sultan". Despite the Muslim caliph being the political leader of what is now Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and northern India, he remained the religious leader of the emp…
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