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The Abolition of the Ottoman Sultanate
The Ottoman Empire, which had existed since 1299, was abolished by the Turkish Grand National Assembly (TGNA) on 1 November 1922. The Grand National Assembly's sovereignty over Turkey as administered by the parliament in Angora (Ankara) was acknowledged on November 11 at the Treaty of Lausanne. On November 17, 1922, Mehmed VI, the last Ottoman sultan, l…
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Muslim Forces defeated Byzantine Army in the Battle of Iron Bridge
One of the final conflicts between the Rashidun Caliphate and the Byzantines, Jisr al-Hadid was named after a local nine-arched stone bridge that crossed the Orontes River and had gates trimmed with iron blades. Previously, Muslim armies advanced northward, conquering a significant portion of Levant after seizing Damascus (635), then Jerusalem (637). Inva…
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Mustafa Kemal Ataturk and the Foundation of Turkish Republic
On October 23, 1923, the National Assembly formally established the Turkish Republic, and on October 29, 1923, the National Assembly chose Kemal Pasha (Kemal Ataturk) as its first president. On April 20, 1924, the National Assembly passed a constitution. In March 1925, the Turkish parliament passed the Law on the Preservation of Order (Takrir-i Sukun Kanu…
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The History and Legacy of Mughal Emperor Akbar the Great
The Mughal (Indian) emperor Akbar the Great, (October 15, 1542 to October 27, 1605) is known for his tolerance of many religions, the expansion of his empire, and his patronage of the arts. About Jalal al-Din Muhammad Akbar Akbar is regarded as the most powerful Mughal emperor of India. His full name is Abu al-Fath Jalal al-Din Muhammad Akbar. Akbar the …
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The Expedition of Tabuk
The powerful Byzantine empire organized a massive army to invade Medina and eradicate Islam, with the help of Arab Christians. Prophet Muhammad warned Muslim warriors of all the risks associated during a time of widespread famine that hampered war preparations, including the acquisition of weapons, and a big enemy force. Muslim tribes were contacted by m…
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Bahadur Shah Zafar: The Last Mughal Ruler of India
The final Mughal ruler of India, Bahadur Shah Zafar, was born in Delhi in 1775. Although he was born under the name Abu Zafar Sirajuddin Muhammad Bahadur Shah Zafar, Bahadur Shah Zafar became his more well-known name. His mother was Lalbai, while his father was Akbar Shah. Image: Zafar Mahal, Delhi After the passing of his father in 1837, he ascended to the…
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Abd al-Rahman III, Emir and Caliph of Cordova
Abd al-Rahman III was an Umayyad ruler who governed as Cordoba's Emir from 912 to 929 CE before succeeding as the city's Caliph from 929 to 961 CE. In addition, he founded a single Islamic empire in Spain, expanded his dominion with Cordoba as the capital, and built the magnificent caliphal palace at Madinat al-Zahra. Religious tolerance was a h…
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Shams al-Din Juvayni: A skillful political and military leader
Shams al-Din Juvayni, a Persian scholar and statesman famously known as Jovayni, was a descendant of the Juvayni family. He had a significant role in the politics of the early Ilkhanate, acting as Sahib-i Divan (vizier and minister of finance) during four Mongol Ilkhans, including Arghun Khan, Hulagu Khan, Abaqa, and Tekuder. When Arghun accused Shams al-…
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Nawab Viqarul Mulk and His Contribution in Aligarh Movement
Maulvi Mushtaq Husain commonly known as Viqar-ul-Mulk (March 24, 1841 – January 27, 1917) was a Muslim politician and one of the founding members of the All India Muslim League (Dhaka). He is also recognized for his actively participation in the Aligarh Movement. Sir Syed was extremely impressed with Maulvi Mushtaq Hussain, during his early career, when…
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Timeline of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan's life
Timeline of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan's life 1817 Born at Delhi, October 17. 1828 Death of Khawaja Fariduddin, maternal grandfather. 1836 Married to Parsa Begum (Mubarak) 1837 Sayyid-ul-Akhbar started by Sayyid Muhammad Khan brother of Sir Syed. 1838 Death of his father, Sayyid Muhammad Muttaqi. 1839 Appointed Naib Munshi at Agra. 1840, He wrote a book: “…
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The legacy of Raja Mahendra Pratap Singh and his Association with AMU
Mahendra Pratap Singh, a Jat King, was a great freedom-fighter, social reformer, deeply involved with the Aligarh Movement, Swadeshi Movement and other Indian freedom struggle movements, also considered as the leaders like Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. He was a great alumnus of AMU and he gave 3.04 acres piece of land to the AMU’s City High School on leas…
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