Ulugh Beg: The Legendary Muslim Astronomer and Mathematician
Ulugh Beg was a prominent figure in the fields of mathematics (especially those relating to astronomy; his contributions include trigonometry and spherical geometry) and the arts and philosophy. He was supposed to speak five languages: Arabic, Persian, Turkic, Mongolian, and a little Chinese. Ulugh Beg's support helped the Timurid Empire reach its cultu…
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Timurid Ruler Shahrukh Mirza dies
On this day, March 13, 1447, Timurid ruler of Persia and Transoxania, Shahrukh Mirza died in Rayy, Timurid Empire and buried in Gur-e-Amir, Samarkand, Uzbekistan. His father, the Central Asian conqueror Timur (Tamerlane), who founded the Timurid dynasty, was the Timurid emperor of the eastern part of the empire. Timur's fourth and youngest son, Shahru…
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Fatima al-Fihri: Founder of world's earliest University
Fatima bint Muhammad Al-Fihriya Al-Qurashiya was an Arab Muslim woman who is credited with establishing the world's oldest continuously functioning institution, the University of al-Qarawiyyin in Fez, Morocco in 859 CE, however this is disputed. Al-Fihri was born in the modern Tunisian town of Kairouan in the year 800 AD. Her family was a part of a hu…
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Historian Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari
On this day, February 17, 923 CE, noted Islamic scholar, historian and commentator of the Qur'an, Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari died in the Abbasid capital city of Baghdad. Two of his most influential works are his Qur'anic commentary known as Tafsir al-Tabari and historical chronicle Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk, a.k.a. Tarikh al-Tabari. …
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Fatimid Caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah passed away
On this day, 13 February 1021 CE, Abu Ali Manṣur, better known by his regnal name al-Ḥakim bi-Amr Allah died Mokattam , Fatimid Egypt . He was the 16th Ismaili imam and the sixth caliph of the Fatimids (996–1021). Al-Hakim is a prominent figure among a variety of Shia Ismaili sects, including the 15 million Nizaris and 1–2 million Musta'lis throughout…
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Founder of Mughal Empire: Zahir ud-Din Babur dies
On this day, 26 th December 1530, the founder of the Mughal Empire in Indian subcontinent, Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur died in Agra, Mughal Empire. His successors, the Mughal emperors, established a powerful empire that dominated much of the Indian subcontinent until 1868 and continues to influence Indian culture today. Babur was of noble descent; he was…
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Empress Nur Jahan: Who wielded her authority in Indian Mughal Court
On this day, 18th December in 1645 CE, the Mughal Empress, and wife of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir, Nur Jahan died in Lahore (now in Pakistan). She was born Muhr-un-Nisa, but when Jahangir married her in 1611 CE, he granted her the title Nur Mahal (light of the palace), which she eventually elevated to Nur Jahan (light of the world). Nur Jahan was stunnin…
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Hulagu Khan: captures and destroys the Assassins Stronghold at Alamut
On this day, 15th December 1256, Hulagu Khan and his Mongolian army captured and destroyed the Hashashin stronghold at Alamut. The term "assassin" is derived from the Arab assassin group known as Hashashin. Hashashin refers to hashish smokers, commonly known as hash, a marijuana concentration. Genghis Khan is known as one of the greatest con…
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Al Ashraf Khalil, the 8th Mamluk Sultan of Egypt
On this day, 14 December 1293, Al-Ashraf Salah ad-Din Khalil ibn Qalawun, the eighth Mamluk sultan of Egypt assassinated in Turuja, Buhayra (Egypt). He was well known for conquering the last of the Crusader states in Palestine after the siege of Acre in 1291. Following Qalawun's death on November 9, 1290, Al-Ashraf Khalil took over. He delayed Qalaw…
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Al-Biruni: An Iranian Mathematician and Polymath
On this day, 13 th December 1048, an Iranian mathematician, astronomer and polymath, Abu Rayhan Muhammad Ibn Ahmad Biruni was died in Ghazna (now Ghazni, Afganistan). He was a scholar and scientist from Tajikistan who was also among the most eminent figures and erudite men of his time. He spent most of his life outside of Khiva, his birthplace. He was kn…
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