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Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II
On this day, 21 September 1842 CE, the 34th Ottoman sultan Abdul Hamid II was born in Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey), he ruled the empire from 1876 to 1909, whose autocratic rule climaxed the Tanzimat (Reorganization) reform movement. He adopted a pan-Islamist policy in opposition to Western intervention in Ottoman affairs. His political and social a…
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